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Loops of DNA Equipped Ancient Life To Become Complex
...unicellular ancestors — before evolution had even thought of metazoans, so to speak. It’s not at all obvious why that should have been so; evolution has no universal direction, no...
Shark Data Suggests Animals Scale Like Geometric Objects
Despite their wide variety of sizes, niches and shapes, sharks scale geometrically, pointing to possible fundamental constraints on evolution. It’s a universal fact that as any 3D object, from a...
The Year in Biology
...perspective propels our story beyond biological evolution and into planetary evolution. It reveals that all we are and will ever know is ultimately part of Earth’s carbon cycle. And isn’t...
Cells Use ‘Bioelectricity’ To Coordinate and Make Group Decisions
...effect.” Evolution as Electrician At the University of California, San Diego, the biophysicist Gürol Süel studies electricity in bacterial biofilms, which are collectives composed of single-celled bacteria that can also...
Break It To Make It: How Fracturing Sculpts Tissues and Organs
...hours of splitting, the cells sealed back together again. And these fractures were constructive, sculpting new shapes from developing tissues, in an evolutionary approach that scientists are uncovering across the...
Can the Most Abstract Math Make the World a Better Place?
...Stocks and flows are just objects and morphisms of a category. The arrangement of boxes and arrows in the diagrams translates into equations describing the system’s evolution. Over the last...
Disorder Drives One of Nature’s Most Complex Machines
...of complex life, evolution created a container for DNA, its most treasured item. A few billion years later, 20th-century microscopists looked at this container — the nucleus — up close...