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Is a Bigger Genetic Code Better? Get Ready to Find Out
Evolution settled on a genetic code that uses four letters to name 20 amino acids. Synthetic biologists adding new bases to DNA will be free to improve on nature —...
Gene Drives Work in Mice (if They’re Female)
...an entomologist and evolutionary biologist at North Carolina State University, likens gene drives to the fictional substance ice-nine in Kurt Vonnegut’s novel Cat’s Cradle: a bizarre form of ice that...
Cell-Bacteria Mergers Offer Clues to How Organelles Evolved
...and organelle.” W. Ford Doolittle, an evolutionary and molecular biologist at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, says this study represents “a necessary and exciting amount of ground-truthing” because it tested...
New Support for Alternative Quantum View
...a cloud of probabilities described by a mathematical structure known as a wave function. The wave function, meanwhile, evolves over time, its evolution governed by precise rules codified in something...
Inside the Knotty World of ‘Anyon’ Particles
...for an evolution involving anyons will be different, depending on how their world lines got tangled up over time, the value of the amplitude provides a record of their relative...
How Heat Kills Cells
...it, evidently, the life of the cell. This paradox — that some of the most important proteins seem to be the most delicate — may reflect how evolution has shaped...
A Defense of the Reality of Time
...That gives a constraint on the laws of nature — namely, that they should be laws of temporal evolution. They should be laws that tell you, as time goes on,...
Building Codes for Bacterial Cities
...rules that govern the formation and evolution of biofilms. Those biophysical forces are like universal zoning rules for the biofilm cities: they govern how the inhabitants obtain food and building...
How Bacteria Help Regulate Blood Pressure
...of the body. If in the course of evolution these chemical sensors hooked up to the machinery for manufacturing a hormone rather than to a smell neuron, and if that...