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Earth’s climate has fluctuated through deep time, pushed by these 10 different causes. Here’s how each compares with modern climate change.
John Priscu’s search for life that thrives under ice took him to subglacial lakes at the South Pole. Now he has his eye on Mars and Europa.
The “pinball” model of a slipping fault line borrows from the mathematics of avalanches.
A study has cemented the link between an intense global warming episode 56 million years ago and volcanism in the North Atlantic, with implications for modern climate change.
Giant blobs nestled deep in the Earth may influence everything from the structure of island chains to mass-extinction events.
After successfully predicting laboratory earthquakes, a team of geophysicists has applied a machine learning algorithm to quakes in the Pacific Northwest.
Dark matter may occasionally interact with minerals in the earth, leaving telltale tracks that physicists hope to decipher.
Planetary geologist Meenakshi Wadhwa uses Martian meteorites to trace the history of our solar system.
Simple physical principles can be used to describe how rivers grow everywhere from Florida to Mars.