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Scientists Find Vital Genes Evolving in Genome’s Junkyard
...evolutionary time — evolving only very slowly if at all, because changing or dying would lead to the death of the organism. Hundreds of millions of years of evolution separate...
Sponge Genes Hint at the Origins of Neurons and Other Cells
...but also have many of the same genes. Sponges are among the earliest branching lineages on the evolutionary tree of animal life; their simple bodies don’t even have a pattern...
Tiny Tweaks to Neurons Can Rewire Animal Motion
Altering a protein in the neurons that coordinate a rattlesnake’s movement made a slow slither neuron more like a speedy rattle neuron, showing one way evolution can generate new ways...
The Ancient Weapons Active in Your Immune System Today
...proceeds at a slower pace. By taking advantage of the rapid evolution of bacterial and viral weapons, insects and other eukaryotes can accelerate their own evolutionary process to stay a...
Genetic Struggles Within Cells May Create New Species
...other,” said Elina Immonen, an evolutionary geneticist and researcher at Uppsala University. “Males and females also might have different evolutionary interests.” The mismatch of evolutionary forces on mitochondrial and nuclear...
Why Did The Universe Begin?
...are pretty rare. The explanation is that in between the ground zero level of physics and the advanced sort of life level, there are many layers of evolution. Many improbabilities,...
What’s the Future of Gene Editing?
...function, what they’re doing inside of cells. But taking knowledge like that and trying to weave it into a story that explains evolution or even just explains biology as we...
New Giant Viruses Further Blur the Definition of Life
...in translation, the synthesis of proteins — a finding that came as a shock. “It appears that giant viruses are as complex as living organisms,” said Chantal Abergel, an evolutionary...
Viruses Have a Secret, Altruistic Social Life
...at a severe disadvantage under natural selection. William D. Hamilton, one of the 20th century’s most prominent evolutionary theorists, developed a mathematical theory to explain the evolution of altruism through...